return to the Course index
previous | next
One method of classifying routes of administration is ENTERAL and PARENTERAL. Enteral means to do with the GI tract and includes oral, buccal, and rectal. Parenteral means not through the alimentary canal and commonly refers to injections such as IV, IM, and SC; but could also include topical and inhalation. We can also distinguish IV from the rest, as with all others at least one membrane must be crossed, thus an absorption process is involved in the administration and the pharmacokinetic model.
ROA | Market Value | Market Share |
Oral | $24.1B | 32 % |
Pulmonary | $20.0B | 27 % |
Nasal | $8.2B | 11 % |
Injection/Implants | $6.6B | 9 % |
Transdermal/Dermal | $5.7B | 8 % |
Transmucousal | $0.4B | 0 % |
Other ROA or Devices | $10.0B | 13 % |
return to the Course index
previous | next
Material on this website should be used for Educational or Self-Study Purposes Only
Copyright © 2001 - 2025 David W. A. Bourne (david@boomer.org)
![]() | A game to aid recognizing drug structures See how many structures you can name before you run out of lives |
![]() |