Chapter 11
Physiological Factors Affecting Oral Absorption
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Physiological factors affecting oral absorption
Student Objectives for this Chapter
After completing the material in this chapter each student should:-
- be able to describe membrane structure and how it might effect drug transport
- be able to describe the differences between passive, facilitated and active transport
- be able to describe the effect of parameters of Fick's first law on passive drug transport across membranes
- be able to describe the relationship between GI physiology and drug absorption including changes in stomach emptying time and the presence of food
In the next few Chapters physiological, physical-chemical, and formulation factors
which can influence the observed rate and extent of oral absorption will be
discussed.
Looking briefly at the overall picture of drug absorption, distribution, and
elimination.
Figure 11.1.1 Diagram Representing Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion
The ultimate goal is to have the drug reach the site of action in a concentration which produces a pharmacological effect. No matter how the drug is given (other than IV) it must pass through a number of biological membranes before it reaches the site of action.
We can start by looking at:
- Membrane Physiology
- Considering the structure of membranes
- Transport processes
- Gastrointestinal physiology
- Characteristics of gastrointestinal physiology
- Gastric motility and emptying
- Influence of food
- Other factors
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